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wiki/howto/Bird.md
siska 7a2e597524 Updated Bird (markdown)
2015-04-19 18:02:35 +02:00

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Bird is a commonly used BGP daemon. This page provides configuration and help to run Bird for dn42.
Compared to quagga, bird supports multiple routing, which is useful, if you also plan to peer with other federated networks such as freifunk.
# Example configuration
* Replace `<AS>` with your Autonomous System Number
* Replace `<GATEWAY_IP>` with your gateway ip (the internal dn42 ip address you use on the host, where dn42 is running)
* Replace `<SUBNET>` with your registered dn42 subnet, which you allocated on [nixnodes](https://io.nixnodes.net/)
* Replace `<PEER_IP>` with the ip of your peer who is connected with you using your favorite vpn protocol (openvpn, ipsec, tinc, ...)
* Replace `<PEER_AS>` the Autonomous System Number of your peer
* Replace `<PEER_NAME>` a self chosen name for your peer
### IPV4
```
# /etc/bird/bird.conf
# Device status
protocol device {
scan time 10; # recheck every 10 seconds
}
protocol static {
# Static routes to announce your own range(s) in dn42
route <SUBNET> reject;
};
# local configuration
######################
# keeping router specific in a seperate file,
# so this configuration can be reused on multiple routers in your network
include "/etc/bird/local4.conf";
# filter helpers
#################
include "/etc/bird/filter4.conf";
# Kernel routing tables
########################
/*
krt_prefsrc defines the source address for outgoing connections.
On Linux, this causes the "src" attribute of a route to be set.
Without this option outgoing connections would use the peering IP which
would cause packet loss if some peering disconnects but the interface
is still available. (The route would still exist and thus route through
the TUN/TAP interface but the VPN daemon would simply drop the packet.)
*/
protocol kernel {
scan time 20;
device routes;
import none;
export filter {
krt_prefsrc = OWNIP;
accept;
};
};
# DN42
#######
template bgp dnpeers {
local as OWNAS;
# metric is the number of hops between us and the peer
path metric 1;
# this lines allows debugging filter rules
# filtered routes can be looked up in birdc using the "show route filtered" command
import keep filtered;
import filter {
# accept every subnet, except our own advertised subnet
# filtering is important, because some guys try to advertise routes like 0.0.0.0
if is_valid_network() && !is_self_net() then {
accept;
}
reject;
};
export filter {
# here we export the whole net
if is_valid_network() then {
accept;
}
reject;
};
route limit 10000;
source address OWNIP;
};
include "/etc/bird/peers4/*";
```
```
#/etc/bird/local4.conf
# should be a unique identifier, <GATEWAY_IP> is what most people use.
router id <GATEWAY_IP>;
define OWNAS = <AS>;
define OWNIP = <GATEWAY_IP>;
function is_self_net() {
return net ~ [<SUBNET>+];
}
```
Generate the filter list from the monotone repository
```
$ cd net.dn42.registry
$ ruby utils/bgp-filter.rb < data/filter.txt > /etc/bird/filter4.conf
or
$ curl -sk https://dn42.us/git/dn42/registry/plain/data/filter.txt | \
awk 'BEGIN {printf "function is_valid_network() {\n return net ~ [\n" } \
/^[0-9]/ && $2 ~ /permit/ {printf " %s{%s,%s},\n", $3, $4, $5};' | \
sed "$ s/,$/\n ];\n}/" > /etc/bird/filter4.conf
```
example filter list:
```
# /etc/bird/filter4.conf
function is_valid_network() {
return net ~ [
172.22.0.0/15{22,28}, # dn42 main net0
172.20.0.0/16{22,28}, # dn42 main net1
172.22.0.0/23{23,32}, # dn42 Anycast
172.22.0.43/32{32,32}, # Whois Anycast
172.22.0.53/32{32,32}, # DNS Anycast
172.22.0.94/32{32,32}, # TOR Anycast
172.23.0.0/24{24,32}, # dn42 Anycast range
192.175.48.0/24{24,32}, # AS112-prefix for reverse-dns
10.0.0.0/8{12,28}, # freifunk/chaosvpn
172.31.0.0/16{22,28}, # chaosvpn
100.64.0.0/10{12,28}, # iana private range
195.160.168.0/23{23,28}, # ctdo
91.204.4.0/22{22,28}, # free.de via ctdo
193.43.220.0/23{23,28}, # durchdieluft via ctdo
83.133.178.0/23{23,28}, # muccc kapsel
87.106.29.254/32{32,32}, # wintix (please don' announce /32)
85.25.246.16/28{28,32}, # leon
46.4.248.192/27{27,32}, # welterde
94.45.224.0/19{19,28}, # ccc event network
151.217.0.0/16{16,28}, # ccc event network 2
195.191.196.0/23{23,29}, # ichdasich pi space
80.244.241.224/27{27,32}, # jchome service network
188.40.34.241/32{32,32},
37.1.89.192/26{26,28}, # siska
87.98.246.19/32{32,32}
];
}
```
```
# /etc/bird/peers4/<PEER_NAME>
protocol bgp <PEER_NAME> from dnpeers {
neighbor <PEERING_IP> as <PEER_AS>;
};
```
### IPV6
```
#/etc/bird/bird6.conf
protocol device {
scan time 10;
}
# local configuration
######################
include "bird/local6.conf";
# filter helpers
#################
include "/etc/bird/filter6.conf";
# Kernel routing tables
########################
protocol kernel {
scan time 20;
device routes;
import none;
export filter {
krt_prefsrc = OWNIP;
accept;
};
}
# static routes
################
protocol static {
route <SUBNET> reject;
}
template bgp dnpeers {
local as OWNAS;
path metric 1;
import keep filtered;
import filter {
if is_valid_network() && !is_self_net() then {
accept;
}
reject;
};
export filter {
if is_valid_network() then {
accept;
}
reject;
};
route limit 10000;
}
include "/etc/bird/peers6/*";
```
```
# /etc/bird/local6.conf
# should be a unique identifier, use same id as for ipv4
router id <GATEWAY_IP>;
define OWNAS = <AS>;
define OWNIP = <GATEWAY_IP>;
function is_self_net() {
return net ~ [<SUBNET>+];
}
```
Generate the filter list from the monotone repository
```
$ cd net.dn42.registry
$ ruby utils/bgp-filter.rb < data/filter6.txt > /etc/bird/filter6.conf
or
$ curl -sk https://dn42.us/git/dn42/registry/plain/data/filter6.txt | \
awk 'BEGIN {printf "function is_valid_network() {\n return net ~ [\n" } \
/^[0-9]/ && $2 ~ /permit/ {printf " %s{%s,%s},\n", $3, $4, $5};' | \
sed "$ s/,$/\n ];\n}/" > /etc/bird/filter6.conf
```
example filter list:
```
/etc/bird/filter6.conf
function is_valid_network() {
return net ~ [
fc00::/8{48,64}, # ULA (undefined)
fd00::/8{48,64}, # ULA (defined)
2001:67c:20c1::/48{48,48}, # E-UTP IPv6
2001:bf7::/32{32,128}, # Freifunk (Foerderverein Freie Netzwerke) IPv6 Range
2001:67c:20a1::/48{48,48}, # CCC Event Network
2001:0470:006c:01d5::/64{64,64}, # Registered IANA
2001:0470:006d:0655::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:1f09:172d::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:1f0b:0592::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:1f0b:0bca::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:1f0b:1af5::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:1f10:0275::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:1f12:0004::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:5084::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:51c6::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:73d3::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:7972::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:9949::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:99fc::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:9af8::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:9ce6::/55{55,64},
2001:0470:9f43::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:caab::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:cd99::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:d4df::/48{48,64},
2001:0470:d889:0010::/64{64,64},
2001:0470:e3f0:000a::/64{64,64},
2001:067c:21ec::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:1019:0000::/64{64,64},
2001:06f8:118b::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:1194::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:121a::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:1c1b::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:1d14::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:1d26::/48{48,64},
2001:06f8:1d53::/48{48,64},
2001:07f0:3003::/48{48,64},
2001:08d8:0081:05c8::/63{63,64},
2001:08d8:0081:05ca::/64{64,64},
2001:15c0:1000:0100::/64{64,64},
2001:1b60:1000:0001::/64{64,64},
2001:41d0:0001:b6bb::/64{64,64},
2001:41d0:0001:cd42::/64{64,64},
2001:4dd0:fcff::/48{48,64},
2001:4dd0:fdd3::/48{48,64},
2001:4dd0:ff00:8710::/64{64,64},
2604:8800:0179:4200::/56{56,64},
2801:0000:80:8000::/50{50,64},
2a00:1328:e101:0200::/56{56,64},
2a00:1828:2000:0289::/64{64,64},
2a00:1828:a013:d242::/64{64,64},
2a00:5540:0387::/48{48,64},
2a01:0198:022c::/48{48,64},
2a01:0198:035a:fd13::/64{64,64},
2a01:0198:0485::/48{48,64},
2a01:04f8:0121:4fff::/64{64,64},
2a01:04f8:0140:1ffd::/64{64,64},
2a01:04f8:0d13:17c0::/64{64,64},
2a02:0a00:e010:3c00::/56{56,64},
2a02:0ee0:0002:0051::/64{64,64},
2a03:2260::/30{30,64}
];
}
```
# Bird communities
Communities can be used to prioritize traffic based on different flags, in DN42 we are using communities to prioritize based on latency, bandwidth and encryption. It is really easy to get started with communities and we encourage all of you to get the basic configuration done and to mark your peerings with the correct flags for improved routing.
More information can be found [here](/howto/Bird-communities).
# Useful bird commmands
bird can be remote controlled via the `birdc` command. Here is a list of useful bird commands:
```
$ birdc
BIRD 1.4.5 ready.
bird> reload all # reload configuration
kernel1: reloading
chelnok: reloading
hax404: reloading
static1: reload failed
bird> show protocols # this command shows your peering status
name proto table state since info
device1 Device master up 07:20:25
kernel1 Kernel master up 07:20:25
chelnok BGP master up 07:20:29 Established
hax404 BGP master up 07:20:26 Established
static1 Static master up 07:20:25
bird> show route for 172.22.141.181 # show possible routes to internal.dn42
172.22.141.0/24 via 172.23.67.1 on tobee [tobee 07:20:30] * (100) [AS64737i]
via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 07:20:29] (100) [AS64737i]
via 172.23.136.65 on hax404 [hax404 07:20:26] (100) [AS64737i]
bird> show route filtered
172.23.245.1/32 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS76175i]
172.22.247.128/32 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS76175i]
172.22.227.1/32 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS76115i]
172.23.196.75/32 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS76115i]
172.22.41.241/32 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS76115i]
172.22.249.4/30 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS4242420002i]
172.22.255.133/32 via 172.23.64.1 on chelnok [chelnok 21:26:18] * (100) [AS64654i]
...
```
# External Links
* more bgp commands: http://danrimal.net/doku.php?id=wiki:bgp:bird:postupy
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